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Properties of Language


Every creatures have their own way to communicate. Human has the communicating suspect others creatures don’t. It is reflexivity, the way how can human reflect their language. Without this, human would not be able to identify any of the other distinct properties of language.  (Yule)
Human communication, namely, human language, has unique traits which establish the huge contrast between our system of communication and systems of communication among animals. It sets the human system aside is precisely unique properties. (M. P. Ossa)
By those two explanation about the properties of language, we could know that every creatures have language; Human and animal. In other word, those two creature have their on way to communicating, there are some communication differences between human and animals that we are able to consider about. There are: Displacement, arbitrariness, productivity, cultural transmission, and duality.

1.    Displacement
Based on Yule, this suspect tells about how animal can relate the time and the place as same as human in grammar structure. The cat couldn’t tell where they have been, but they could give signs, like meow, when right at that time, the cat is hungry. So, animal only exclusively communicate only for that moment.
Displacement allows human to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment. Indeed, this suspect allows human to talk in term of time: past and future time.

2.    Arbitrariness
The natural connection between a linguistic form and it’s meaning (Yule). Arbitrariness is the absence of any natural r necessary connection between a word’s meaning and its sound or form ((Richard Nordquist).So arbitrariness is the sign of how the things look like not always corresponding with the word itself.
3.    Productivity
The infinite language. Productivity also means “creativity” or “open-endless”. Whereby human’s language create new expressions and novel utterance by manipulating to describe new objects and situations (Yule). Productivity is a general term in linguistics for the limitless ability to use language (i.e., any natural language) to say new things. Also known as open-endedness or creativity. (Richard Nordquist). Well, productivity allows human to always update new thing or change meaning to the suitable and acceptable one in communications.
4.    Cultural Transmission
Based on Richard Nordquist, cultural transmission is the process whereby a language is passed on from one generation to the next in a community. While G. Yule said that language is not something that inherit to the next generation. By this, we know that the communication can’t be conducted starting by birth. Human need to consider about the receptive and productive skill which need to be mastered.
5.    Duality
According to Richard Nordquist, duality is a characteristic of human language whereby speech can be analyzed on two levels: (1) as made up of meaningless elements and (as made up of meaningful elements. While Yule opinion about duality is where none of discrete form has any intrinsic meaning and the the distinct meanings. By this, human are able to produce so many combination of sound.
We can conclude that to get the meaning of the word could be considered to two ways: (1) the pattern of the letter that stands alone, e.g. o, d, o, and r has no meaning, and (2) the pattern of the letter itself could be combined. e.g D, o , o, r become door


Source:
Yule, G. 2017. the study of linguistic. Cambridge University Press. New York

Nordquist, R. 2017. linguistic. [ONLINE] Accessed: Febriary 24, 2018
               <https://www.thoughtco.com/richard-nordquist-1688331>

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